Plum Blossoms in Japan: What to Know Before You Visit
Plum blossoms—known as Ume in Japanese—are the first flowers to bloom each year in Japan, often appearing while snow is still on the ground. Symbolizing strength, resilience, and renewal, these early blooms have been cherished in Japanese culture for over a thousand years.
In this article, we explore the history and cultural significance of plum blossoms, their role in seasonal festivals, and where you can see them in full bloom. Whether you're curious about their poetic roots or planning a visit during Japan’s plum blossom season, this guide will help you understand why Ume remain a beloved symbol of early spring.
The First Flowers of Spring
The flower that heralds Spring—an auspicious reputation to live up to.
Their blooming period varies by region, beginning as early as January in the south and continuing through late March to the north. Blooming even in snow, they became a symbol for resilience and yearly renewal.
Whichever meaning you attach to them, plum blossoms—along with pine and bamboo—form the Shochikubai, a trio of auspicious imagery found throughout Japanese art and design.
They’re beautiful, sweet smelling, and carry with them the very history of Japan. To know them is to understand Japan on a deeper level. Let's explore the story of Ume—and why they still matter today.
Historical and Cultural Roots
The Ume blossom's roots—excuse the pun—can be traced back to the Nara Period (710–784). Originally brought over from China, they quickly became popular with the aristocratic elite.
Ume viewing parties—or Umemi—were adopted as a formal pastime by the elite, who would spend the brief blooming period engaged in food, drink, and artistic pursuits.
The Man'yōshū—Japan’s oldest collection of Waka poetry—contains approximately 120 mentions of Ume, cementing their place as the premier flower for spring viewing.
In the Heian Period, Sakura (cherry blossoms) overtook Ume as the favored spring flower. Emperor Saga cemented their status by hosting the very first Hanami, a cherry blossom viewing party. The tradition soon spread, and the rest, as they say, is history.
Plum Blossom Festivals and Everyday Life
Even in the modern era, Umemi and plum festivals retain their significance and wide appeal. Celebrations like the ‘Mito Plum Blossom Festival’ and ‘Atami Baien Ume Matsuri’ attract thousands of visitors each year, featuring cultural performances and plum-based treats sure to delight.
In fact, Ume-based treats are so popular that they’re available year round! Umeboshi, or sour pickled plum, appear in everything from onigiri rice balls to atop soft, chewy mochi. Candies, chips, and other sweets often feature this delicious fruit, usually coinciding with the blooming season.
In the home, items from kitchen knives to hand towels are adorned with plum motifs—symbols of luck and protection. Some even enjoy Ume for breakfast as a way to ward off bad luck.
Where to View Plum Blossoms in Japan
| Kairakuen Garden - Mito |
One of Japan’s three great gardens, Kairakuen is home to about 3,000 plum trees spanning 100 varieties. Blooming from late February through March, Kairakuen is a prime spot for viewing the spring blooms.
The ‘Mito Plum Blossom Festival’ is a popular destination for locals and visitors alike. Beginning mid-February, attendees can expect illumination displays, tea ceremonies, cultural performances, and of course, plum-themed treats.
Kairakuen Garden in Mito, Ibaraki is open daily, with entry ¥320 for adults and ¥160 for children. It’s accessible by bus from JR Mito Station or via the seasonal Kairakuen Station during plum season.
| Yushima Tenjin Shrine - Tokyo |
This shrine of learning boasts 300 plum trees across 20 varieties—both white and pink—including some century-old specimens that are a must see. Blooming from February through early March, visitors have plenty of time to drink it all in.
The ‘Bunkyo Plum Festival’ draws in more than 400,000 visitors annually, making it the premier event of late-winter. During the festival, you’ll find calligraphy performances, traditional music, and plum-themed snacks served in a lively atmosphere.
Yushima Tenjin Shrine is free to enter and open year-round—and just a short walk from Yushima Station!
The Symbolism of Strength and Renewal
Plum blossoms are far more than just another flower to admire and forget—they represent strength, resilience, and renewal for an entire nation. For generations, Japanese artisans, poets, and even modern marketers have embraced the plum motif in their work and daily lives.
To connect with Ume is to connect with Japan’s deep respect for nature’s quiet, enduring cycles. And while the taste of umeboshi might not be for everyone, the blossom’s enduring adaptability and steadfast beauty are qualities we can all learn to appreciate.
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